Climate - Regions with similar climates have similar buildings. Styles such as Craftsman and Victorian tend to work in most climates.
Typology refers to the building type.
Domestic has a 3x3 unit size.
Institutional can be any length, generally 3 rooms wide.
Monumental are larger and more spatially interesting.
Miscellaneous describes buildings like airports and factories, which tend to be more technical.
Styles encapsulate historical periods. For example, the Neoclassical period has a similar style as the Renaissance period, which can be simplified as "Classical".
Sub-Styles can be included under styles from other periods. For example, Gothic Revival (which is a subset of the Eclectic style) could be included under the Gothic style, and Greek Revival (Eclectic) could be included under the Classical style.
Density describes how a building responds to its surrounding buildings. A rowhouse is a dense example of a domestic type. It's not an institutional type, even though the building shares party walls and looks like an apartment complex, because it's not a single building with a shared corridor.
Massing refers to how the building's composition. The main masses are either primary or secondary (use numbers 1 and 2). A linking mass is secondary. An extending mass is secondary. If the secondary mass seems part of the main mass, then it is a sub-mass. Sub-masses include porches, bay windows, dormers, towers, etc.
2-(1-2)-2-1 is a building that has two main masses, connected by a secondary linking mass. One of the primary masses also has a secondary mass (an addition) off of it, and a sub-mass within it (a porch entrance). The description of the massing depends on which façade is being analyzed.
Formality - The difference between the Vernacular Style and Traditional Style (Sub-Styles) is that the Traditional Style is more formal. There can also be a range of formality within Sub-Styles. The Traditional Style can be less formal than the Vernacular Style if the Vernacular Style building has rustic ornamentation and symmetrical proportions.